{"id":2941,"date":"2024-11-10T09:49:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T08:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-socioeco\/?p=2941"},"modified":"2024-11-10T09:49:31","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T08:49:31","slug":"la-datation-au-carbone-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-socioeco\/la-datation-au-carbone-14\/","title":{"rendered":"La Datation au carbone 14"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u2018est une m\u00e9thode bien connue, mais pas toujours bien comprise ! Alors une petite r\u00e9vision ne fera pas de mal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La datation au carbone 14 repose sur deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Le carbone 14.<\/strong> Le carbone est compos\u00e9 principalement de trois isotopes, le Carbone 12 (noyau avec 6 protons et 6 neutrons, 98,83%) le carbone 13 (noyau avec 6 protons et 7 neutrons, 1,07%) et le carbone 14 (noyau avec 6 protons et 8 neutrons, traces). Les carbones 12 et 13 sont stables, mais le carbone 14 est radio actif, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire qu\u2019il se d\u00e9compose en azote et en rayonnement \u00df. La moiti\u00e9 du carbone 14 dispara\u00eet en 5370 ann\u00e9es (p\u00e9riode).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. La mati\u00e8re vivante.<\/strong> La mati\u00e8re vivante contient du carbone (Cellulose dans les plantes et Prot\u00e9ines et Glucides chez les animaux) et par cons\u00e9quent du\u00a0 carbone 14 en faible quantit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Dans la nature le carbone 14 se forme dans les hautes zones de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re lorsque un atome d\u2019Azote entre en collision avec un neutron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    AZOTE + NEUTRON <\/strong>\u00e0 CARBONE 14 + PROTON<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le carbone 14, lui, se d\u00e9compose spontan\u00e9ment en raison de sa radio activit\u00e9 naturelle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    CARBONE 14 <\/strong>\u00e0  AZOTE + Rayon \u00df<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le pourcentage de carbone 14 dans la nature reste sensiblement constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dans le vivant, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper et \u00e0 se reproduire en consommant les ressources de la nature, le pourcentage de carbone 14 dans le carbone total reste constant car au fur et \u00e0 mesure que le carbone 14 dispara\u00eet, par radio activit\u00e9, la consommation des ressources naturelles le remplace. Par contre \u00e0 partir de la mort de cet \u00eatre vivant le processus de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration s\u2019arr\u00eate et seul reste le processus de destruction par la radio activit\u00e9. Le pourcentage de carbone 14 dans le carbone total diminue avec le temps. Tous les 537O ans ce pourcentage diminue de moiti\u00e9. La mesure du pourcentage de carbone 14 restant dans le carbone total d\u2019un individu permet donc de dater l\u2019\u00e2ge de sa mort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Limite<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Compte tenu de la longue p\u00e9riode de disparition de carbone 14 (5370 ans) il n\u2019est pas possible de faire des datations \u00e0 court terme et la m\u00e9thode est r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. On ne peut dater des fossiles de plus de 50.000 ans car \u00e0 ce niveau la quantit\u00e9 de carbone 14 r\u00e9siduelle devient trop faible pour \u00eatre mesur\u00e9e\u00a0 avec les moyens de d\u00e9tection actuels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Des facteurs correctifs doivent \u00eatre ajout\u00e9s pour tenir compte des lieux g\u00e9ographiques et notamment le fait que les exp\u00e9rimentations nucl\u00e9aires terrestres on modifi\u00e9s r\u00e9cemment les teneurs en carbone 14 de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Mais ceci ne change rien aux principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      La datation au carbone 14 s\u2019applique aux organisme vivant, mort depuis plus 5.000 ans et moins de 50.000 ans, donc sur une p\u00e9riode relativement r\u00e9cente de la vie sur terre. Hors de ces limites la datation est trop impr\u00e9cise.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      C\u2018est une m\u00e9thode bien connue, mais pas toujours bien comprise ! Alors une petite r\u00e9vision ne fera pas de mal. La datation au carbone 14 repose sur deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments Dans la nature le carbone 14 se forme dans les hautes zones de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re lorsque un atome d\u2019Azote entre en collision avec un neutron. AZOTE + NEUTRON […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gene"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Datation au carbone 14 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-socioeco\/la-datation-au-carbone-14\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Datation au carbone 14 -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u2018est une m\u00e9thode bien connue, mais pas toujours bien comprise ! Alors une petite r\u00e9vision ne fera pas de mal. La datation au carbone 14 repose sur deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments Dans la nature le carbone 14 se forme dans les hautes zones de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re lorsque un atome d\u2019Azote entre en collision avec un neutron. 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Alors une petite r\u00e9vision ne fera pas de mal. La datation au carbone 14 repose sur deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments Dans la nature le carbone 14 se forme dans les hautes zones de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re lorsque un atome d\u2019Azote entre en collision avec un neutron. 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