{"id":2780,"date":"2023-11-06T16:28:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T15:28:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-socioeco\/?p=2780"},"modified":"2023-11-06T16:33:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T15:33:51","slug":"sunnites-et-chiites-la-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-socioeco\/sunnites-et-chiites-la-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunnites et Chiites, La diff\u00e9rence\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019Islam fut fond\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 600 par Mahomet, proph\u00e8te autoproclam\u00e9 puis confirm\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire. A sa mort, en 632, se posa le probl\u00e8me de sa succession comme leader du monde Islamique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour certains la succession devait se faire en respectant l\u2019h\u00e9r\u00e9dit\u00e9 familial. Ils choisirent donc Ali, neveu de Mahomet comme successeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019autres pour respecter la ville de M\u00e9dine, origine de l\u2018Islam, choisirent Abou Bakr le plus proche disciple de Mahomet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De ce schisme naquirent les deux branches de l\u2019Islam&nbsp;: Les Chiites partisans d\u2019\u2018Ali et la Sunnites partisans de Abou Bakr. Il s\u2019en suit une certain nombre de diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux branches de l\u2019Islam<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Le Coran.<\/strong> Pour les Sunnites il est le livre sacr\u00e9 dans lequel le proph\u00e8te dicte aux fid\u00e8les les grands principes de le religion. Pour les Chiites c\u2019est un livre \u00e9crit par les hommes qui&nbsp; r\u00e9capitule les principes \u00e9mis par le proph\u00e8te mais qui n\u2019a pas de caract\u00e8re sacr\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les Imams.<\/strong> Pour les Sunnite les imams son des hommes ordinaires, parfois autoproclam\u00e9s, charg\u00e9s d\u2019organiser le cultes et les pr\u00eaches \u00e0 la mosqu\u00e9e. Ils sont un peu analogues aux pasteurs protestants. Pour les Chiites les imams &nbsp;sont des descendants de la famille du proph\u00e8tes. Ils ont donc un caract\u00e8re sacr\u00e9 un peu analogues aux pr\u00eatres catholiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00f4le politique.<\/strong> Chez les Sunnites le caract\u00e8re profane des repr\u00e9sentants du culte leurs permet de cumuler fonctions la\u00efques et religieuses. Au Maroc (pays Sunnite) le roi est \u00e9galement le \u00ab&nbsp;commandeur des croyants&nbsp;\u00bb. Chez les Chiites le caract\u00e8re sacr\u00e9 des imams ne leur permet pas de toucher aux fonctions profanes. En Iran (pays Chiite) les Ayatollahs sont d\u00e9connect\u00e9s de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif. N\u00e9anmoins leur caract\u00e8re sacr\u00e9 d\u2019infaillibilit\u00e9 leur conf\u00e8re un &nbsp;pouvoir absolu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le clerg\u00e9.<\/strong> Pour les Sunnites le coran \u00e9tant le texte sacr\u00e9, le respect des textes et de la charia est fondamental. La soumission au clerg\u00e9 est inutile puisque seuls les textes font lois. Le clerg\u00e9 Sunnite n\u2019a aucune organisation d\u00e9finie. Pour les Chiites c\u2019est l\u2019imam qui est sacr\u00e9 et la soumission au clerg\u00e9 est totale. Le clerg\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s structur\u00e9 et hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 ces diff\u00e9rences l\u2019Islam reste un \u00ab&nbsp;corpus&nbsp;\u00bb homog\u00e8ne puisque le proph\u00e8te et le coran sont une croyance et des dogmes communs. Les oppositions viennent plus de contextes g\u00e9opolitiques que de la religion. Comme toujours la religion est le pr\u00e9textes invoqu\u00e9 dans des querelles profanes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019Islam fut fond\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 600 par Mahomet, proph\u00e8te autoproclam\u00e9 puis confirm\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire. A sa mort, en 632, se posa le probl\u00e8me de sa succession comme leader du monde Islamique. Pour certains la succession devait se faire en respectant l\u2019h\u00e9r\u00e9dit\u00e9 familial. Ils choisirent donc Ali, neveu de Mahomet comme successeur. D\u2019autres pour respecter [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-socio"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sunnites et Chiites, La diff\u00e9rence\u00a0? -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-socioeco\/sunnites-et-chiites-la-difference\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sunnites et Chiites, La diff\u00e9rence\u00a0? -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019Islam fut fond\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 600 par Mahomet, proph\u00e8te autoproclam\u00e9 puis confirm\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire. A sa mort, en 632, se posa le probl\u00e8me de sa succession comme leader du monde Islamique. Pour certains la succession devait se faire en respectant l\u2019h\u00e9r\u00e9dit\u00e9 familial. Ils choisirent donc Ali, neveu de Mahomet comme successeur. 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