{"id":2869,"date":"2023-08-06T10:17:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-06T08:17:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/?p=2869"},"modified":"2023-08-06T10:17:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-06T08:17:34","slug":"le-big-bang-pour-tous","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/le-big-bang-pour-tous\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Big Bang &#8230; pour tous"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>Big Bang<\/strong> (\u00ab&nbsp;Grand Boum&nbsp;\u00bb) est un mod\u00e8le cosmologique utilis\u00e9 par les scientifiques pour d\u00e9crire l&rsquo;origine et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de l\u2019univers. il est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque dense et chaude qu\u2019a connue l\u2019univers il y a 13,8&nbsp;milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, sans que cela ne pr\u00e9juge de l\u2019existence d\u2019un \u00ab&nbsp;instant initial&nbsp;\u00bb ou d\u2019un commencement \u00e0 son histoire. La comparaison avec une explosion, souvent employ\u00e9e, est, elle aussi impropre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rappelons \u00e0 ce stade que la th\u00e9orie du Big Bang, comme toutes th\u00e9ories scientifiques et la repr\u00e9sentation d\u2019un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne et non pas sa description. L\u2019image du vieillard barbu, allong\u00e9 sur un nuage pourtant un toge blanche et tenant le globe terrestre dans sa main est une repr\u00e9sentation de dieu et non la description d\u2019une entit\u00e9 transcendantale qui \u00e9chappe totalement \u00e0 notre entendement. Pour concevoir nous avons besoin de d\u00e9velopper des mod\u00e8les pour repr\u00e9senter, dans notre univers humain, les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels. Le Big Bang est l\u2019une de ces repr\u00e9sentations de l\u2019\u00e9volution de notre univers Comme tout mod\u00e8le il est imparfait, temporaire, il remplace des mod\u00e8les plus anciens aujourd\u2019hui abandonn\u00e9s (La gravitation Newtonienne) et sera une jour remplac\u00e9 par un nouveau mod\u00e8le plus performant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 1915 apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 sa th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Einstein montre que l\u2019univers est en expansion. Persuad\u00e9 que l\u2019univers est statique il modifie ses \u00e9quations pour repr\u00e9senter un univers statique. C\u2019est \u00e9videmment une grosse erreur scientifique que de modifier le r\u00e9sultat de ses calculs pour leurs faire dire ce que l\u2019on aimerai qu\u2019ils disent (mais Einstein en a fait d\u2019autres&nbsp;!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Friedmann (1922) puis Lemaitre (1927) font l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se de l\u2019univers en expansion. C\u2019est Hubble qui&nbsp; en 1929 en fait la d\u00e9monstration. Les corps c\u00e9lestes (galaxies, \u00e9toiles \u2026) s\u2019\u00e9loignent les uns des autres avec une vitesse qui croit avec leurs distances relatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019id\u00e9e est universellement adopt\u00e9e. Vient alors un nouveau concept. Si les corps c\u00e9lestes s\u2019\u00e9loignent avec le temps ils ont d\u00fb, en remontant le temps, \u00eatre plus proche, et \u00e0 la limite former \u00e0 l\u2019origine une seule masse extr\u00eamement dense et chaude. On a pu, compte tenu de l\u2019\u00e9tat de l\u2019univers et du mouvement accel\u00e9r\u00e9&nbsp; des galaxies, calculer l\u2019\u00e2ge de notre univers (13,8 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es \u2026 excusez du peu&nbsp;!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Attention&nbsp;:<\/strong> Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019origine de \u00ab&nbsp;notre univers&nbsp;\u00bb (celui que nous connaissons) et non pas de l\u2019origine de l\u2019univers. Nous ne savons pas r\u00e9ellement repr\u00e9senter \u00ab&nbsp;l\u2019avant Big bang&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019id\u00e9e du Big Bang est maintenant d\u2019imaginer le d\u00e9veloppement de notre univers \u00e0 partir de ce point origine. Une masse dense et chaude qui enfle et s\u2019\u00e9tend tout en&nbsp; se refroidissant. Je ne d\u00e9velopperais pas (car j\u2019en suis incapable&nbsp;!) les multiples processus imagin\u00e9s pour repr\u00e9senter la formation des atomes simples (Hydrog\u00e8ne, H\u00e9lium, Lithium), la condensation gravitationnelle pour former les \u00e9toiles, ni la formation des atomes complexes au sein des \u00e9toiles. On peut ainsi repr\u00e9senter l\u2019\u00e9volution de \u00ab&nbsp;notre univers&nbsp;\u00bb au cours de 13 milliards derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Attention&nbsp;:<\/strong> Contrairement \u00e0 ce qu\u2019\u00e9voque son nom le Big Bang n\u2019est pas une explosion violente mais une dilatation progressive de l\u2019univers avec une vitesse qui s\u2019accroit avec le temps et la distance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le mod\u00e8le du Big Bang universellement adopt\u00e9 \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation pose maintenant un certain nombre de questions qui le remettent partiellement en cause (c\u2019est le lot de toute th\u00e9orie scientifique&nbsp;!). L\u2019une des objection (il y en a d\u2019autres) est la suivante&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La th\u00e9orie du Big Bang est issue de la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019Einstein. Mais celle-ci s\u2019applique \u00e0 des corps c\u00e9lestes extr\u00eamement \u00e9loign\u00e9s et se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant \u00e0 grande vitesse. Ce n\u2019est pas le cas au moment du Big Bang ou dans une mati\u00e8re tr\u00e8s dense les corps sont proches les uns des autres et \u00e0 vitesse lente. A ce stade c\u2019est la th\u00e9orie quantique qui devrai s\u2019appliquer. On utilise la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 hors de son domaine d\u2019application, c\u2019est une h\u00e9r\u00e9sie scientifique. On attend donc une th\u00e9orie qui unifie relativit\u00e9 et quantique (les cordes&nbsp;?) pour trancher le d\u00e9bat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Big Bang (\u00ab&nbsp;Grand Boum&nbsp;\u00bb) est un mod\u00e8le cosmologique utilis\u00e9 par les scientifiques pour d\u00e9crire l&rsquo;origine et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de l\u2019univers. il est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque dense et chaude qu\u2019a connue l\u2019univers il y a 13,8&nbsp;milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, sans que cela ne pr\u00e9juge de l\u2019existence d\u2019un \u00ab&nbsp;instant initial&nbsp;\u00bb ou d\u2019un commencement \u00e0 son histoire. La [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gene"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le Big Bang ... pour tous -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/le-big-bang-pour-tous\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Big Bang ... pour tous -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Big Bang (\u00ab&nbsp;Grand Boum&nbsp;\u00bb) est un mod\u00e8le cosmologique utilis\u00e9 par les scientifiques pour d\u00e9crire l&rsquo;origine et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de l\u2019univers. il est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque dense et chaude qu\u2019a connue l\u2019univers il y a 13,8&nbsp;milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, sans que cela ne pr\u00e9juge de l\u2019existence d\u2019un \u00ab&nbsp;instant initial&nbsp;\u00bb ou d\u2019un commencement \u00e0 son histoire. 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