{"id":2728,"date":"2022-02-11T14:21:16","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T13:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/?p=2728"},"modified":"2022-02-11T14:22:41","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T13:22:41","slug":"la-mesure-objective-subjective-relative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/la-mesure-objective-subjective-relative\/","title":{"rendered":"La mesure\u00a0: objective, subjective, relative ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il y a deux type de mesures, la mesure objective \u00e0 partir d\u2019un appareil de mesure, la mesure subjective dites \u00ab&nbsp;au pif&nbsp;\u00bb. Ces deux types ne sont pas des mesures absolues mais relatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>La mesure objective<\/strong>. Elle n\u00e9cessite un point origine, un point final, et une unit\u00e9 de mesure appr\u00e9hendable par un appareil.<br>Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nombreuses depuis l\u2019antiquit\u00e9, reposant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans les temps anciens sur de \u00e9l\u00e9ments corporels&nbsp;: Le pied, le pouce, la coud\u00e9e, la brass\u00e9e, l\u2019empan pour les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de longueur, la bol\u00e9e, la pinte, le demi pour la bi\u00e8re, le gallon pour les mesures de volume, l\u2019aune pour les tissus. Mais ces unit\u00e9s n\u2019\u00e9taient pas satisfaisantes car leur \u00e9talon \u00e9taient variables selon les individus, les r\u00e9gions et les pays.<br>Apr\u00e8s plusieurs tentatives \u00e9valu\u00e9es par la commission Borda (Borda, Condorcet, Laplace et Monge,), des tentatives pour \u00e9valuer le quart d\u2019un m\u00e9ridien terrestre, en 1799 fut cr\u00e9\u00e9 le \u00ab&nbsp;m\u00e8tre \u00e9talon&nbsp;\u00bb barre de platine invar d\u00e9pos\u00e9 au pavillon de Breteuil, repr\u00e9sentant, par d\u00e9finition, le m\u00e8tre universel disponible pour tous les pays du monde. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 depuis remplac\u00e9 par un unit\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentant 1650763,73 fois la longueur d\u2019onde de la radiation orange du Krypton (pas plus simple mais plus pr\u00e9cis)<br>On a \u00e9galement d\u00e9fini des \u00e9talons pour mesurer le poids, la dur\u00e9e, et le courant \u00e9lectriques d\u00e9finies dans la syst\u00e8me MKSA (M\u00e8tre, Kilo, Seconde, Amp\u00e8re)<\/li><li><strong>La mesure subjective<\/strong>. Elle s\u2019appuie sur le souvenir de nos exp\u00e9riences acquises. On peut \u00e9valuer les distances, le temps, le poids \u2026 il est plus risqu\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019amp\u00e9rage&nbsp;! Pour \u00e9valuer une distance, par exemple, on d\u00e9finit un point origine, un point final et on \u00e9value leur \u00e9cart en fonction de nos exp\u00e9riences. La mesure est peu pr\u00e9cise mais tr\u00e8s pratique et parfois m\u00eame plus efficace que la masure objective. Imaginons que conduisant une voiture vous devez passer dans un couloir tr\u00e8s \u00e9troit vous estimez la situation avec des \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e7a passe&nbsp;\u00bb ou des \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e7a passe pas&nbsp;\u00bb et cela marche assez bien.<br>\u00c9videmment les voiture moderne commencent \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9s de radars qui objectivent le mesure et la rendent plus pr\u00e9cis. A longueur de journ\u00e9e nous faisons des \u00e9valuations subjectives de notre espace, du temps, des vitesses, des poids, des tailles \u2026et m\u00eame de l\u2019humidit\u00e9 ou de la s\u00e9cheresse, de la chaleur ou du froid.<\/li><li><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>. Il faut noter que seuls les grandeurs quantifiables peuvent faire l\u2019objet de mesure objectives. Pour cela elles doivent pouvoir \u00eatre d\u00e9crite par une th\u00e9orie dans un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matiques, ce qui est le cas pour beaucoup de grandeurs repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans la physique.<br>Pour les autres, seule l\u2019\u00e9valuation subjective est possible. Savoir si une personne est plus gentille qu\u2019une autre, si un g\u00e2teau est meilleur qu\u2019un autre, si une chanson est meilleure qu\u2019une autre, est du domaine de la pure subjectivit\u00e9. Celle-ci s\u2019appuie, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, sur des exp\u00e9riences culturelles personnelles mais communes et des crit\u00e8res de jugement largement partag\u00e9s qui permettent une hi\u00e9rarchisation valable au moins dans un groupe homog\u00e8ne.<\/li><li><strong>Point important<\/strong>. Toutes les \u00e9valuations, qu\u2019elles soient objectives ou subjectives, ne sont jamais absolues, mais relatives \u00e0 l\u2019unit\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence consid\u00e9r\u00e9e<strong>. On peut dire \u00ab&nbsp;cette table mesure 2 m\u00e8tres&nbsp;\u00bb, mais personne ne peut r\u00e9pondre aux questions \u00ab&nbsp;combien mesure un m\u00e8tre&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb, \u00ab&nbsp;combien p\u00e8se un kilo&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;combien dure une seconde&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb. M\u00eame un dieu ne pourrait y r\u00e9pondre.<br><\/strong>Nous vivons dans un univers dont la description est relative et logique ou rien n\u2019est absolu. C\u2019est pourquoi j\u2019ai adopt\u00e9 les philosophies relativiste &nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il y a deux type de mesures, la mesure objective \u00e0 partir d\u2019un appareil de mesure, la mesure subjective dites \u00ab&nbsp;au pif&nbsp;\u00bb. Ces deux types ne sont pas des mesures absolues mais relatives. La mesure objective. Elle n\u00e9cessite un point origine, un point final, et une unit\u00e9 de mesure appr\u00e9hendable par un appareil.Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[389,390,392,391],"class_list":["post-2728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-philo","tag-mesure","tag-objective","tag-relative","tag-subjective"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La mesure\u00a0: objective, subjective, relative ? -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/la-mesure-objective-subjective-relative\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La mesure\u00a0: objective, subjective, relative ? -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il y a deux type de mesures, la mesure objective \u00e0 partir d\u2019un appareil de mesure, la mesure subjective dites \u00ab&nbsp;au pif&nbsp;\u00bb. 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