{"id":2637,"date":"2021-04-02T19:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T17:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/?p=2637"},"modified":"2021-04-02T19:05:55","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T17:05:55","slug":"la-theorie-et-la-pratique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/la-theorie-et-la-pratique\/","title":{"rendered":"La th\u00e9orie et la pratique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est un d\u00e9bat r\u00e9curent que d\u2019opposer la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique, les chercheurs&nbsp; aux praticiens. Souvent les praticiens pensent qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont nul besoin de th\u00e9orie et que leur exp\u00e9rience du terrain suffit \u00e0 justifier leurs actions. Les th\u00e9oriciens au contraire pensent souvent que toute pratique non appuy\u00e9e sur un support th\u00e9orique s\u00e9rieux et totalement individuelle, sans v\u00e9rification globale, et sans synergie entre les praticiens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chaque science a son histoire mais toutes ont suivi le m\u00eame d\u00e9veloppement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Tout commence par l\u2019observation d\u2019un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui interpelle un chercheur. Il peaufine son observation, recueille le maximum de donn\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentales sur le sujet, croise ces donn\u00e9es, les compare \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es similaire sur des sujet voisin, et essaye de mieux cerner le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e0 partir de ces donn\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentales<\/li><li>Apr\u00e8s avoir recueilli toutes ces donn\u00e9es on peut tenter d\u2019\u00e9mettre une hypoth\u00e8se pour les expliquer, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire donner une vision \u00e0 priori du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.\u00a0<\/li><li>La formulation d\u2019une hypoth\u00e8se est l\u2019\u00e9bauche de la production d\u2019une th\u00e9orie. Si elle est v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience cette hypoth\u00e8se est valid\u00e9e (provisoirement)<\/li><li>De cette hypoth\u00e8se d\u00e9coulent des cons\u00e9quences logiques qui devraient \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es, elles aussi, par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience. Si c\u2019est le cas, l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se et ses cons\u00e9quences de premier niveau sont valid\u00e9es. On peut envisager des cons\u00e9quences de deuxi\u00e8me niveau qui combine l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se et les cons\u00e9quences de premier niveau et qui devraient \u00eatre valid\u00e9es par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience<\/li><li>De proche en proche on d\u00e9veloppe un r\u00e9seau logique de causes\/effets qui constitue le corps de la th\u00e9orie<\/li><li>Tant que les cons\u00e9quences continuent d\u2019\u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se et la th\u00e9orie restent valables.\u00a0 Si d\u2019aventure certaines cons\u00e9quences logiques ne peuvent \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience, on doit revoir l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se initiale ou en proposer de nouvelles qui rendrons compte de toutes les observations faites.<\/li><li>A partir de ce mod\u00e8le on va pouvoir \u00e9tablir une pratique, th\u00e9rapeutique, de production, \u00e9conomique, sociologique\u00a0\u2026<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutes les sciences ont suivi ce m\u00eame cheminement. La chimie, la physique, la m\u00e9decine ont d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 des sciences d\u2019observation, individuelles, empiriques, avant de se th\u00e9oriser pour devenir ce qu\u2019elles sont aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La m\u00e9decine a commenc\u00e9 avec Hippocrate, et la th\u00e9orie des humeurs jusqu\u2019au moyen \u00e2ge, puis la mod\u00e9lisation du corps humain gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la chirurgie, puis la th\u00e9orie bact\u00e9rienne par Koch et Pasteur, enfin toutes les d\u00e9couvertes de la biochimie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La chimie a commenc\u00e9e avec l\u2019alchimie, puis la chimie exp\u00e9rimentale, les premi\u00e8res th\u00e9ories mol\u00e9culaires, les lois de Lavoisier, pour terminer par la chimie du nucl\u00e9aire et la th\u00e9orie quantique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En physique la th\u00e9orie de la mati\u00e8re, issue des observations des astronomes grecs a d\u00e9but\u00e9 avec D\u00e9mocrite (Th\u00e9orie Atomiste), Aristote (les quatre \u00e9l\u00e9ments), John Dalton (l\u2019atome) sur des bases exp\u00e9rimentales. Elle a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 th\u00e9oris\u00e9e par Niels Bohr, Schr\u00f6dinger, Einstein \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans toutes ces disciplines le passage de l\u2019observation \u00e0 la th\u00e9orisation correspond au passage de l\u00a0\u2018\u00e9motion au cognitif, du ressenti \u00e0 l&rsquo;explicit\u00e9. C\u2019est une \u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans la nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans tous les cas chaque \u00e9volution successive d\u2019une th\u00e9orie, aussi embryonnaire soit-elle, a permis de d\u00e9velopper une pratique adapt\u00e9e. Il ne peut y avoir de pratique sans une vision sous-jacente du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il ne peut y avoir de bonne pratique sans un support th\u00e9orique minimal, mais une th\u00e9orie qui ne d\u00e9boucherai pas sur une pratique ne serait qu\u2019un coup d\u2019\u00e9p\u00e9e dans l\u2019eau. N\u2019opposons pas les deux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u2019est un d\u00e9bat r\u00e9curent que d\u2019opposer la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique, les chercheurs&nbsp; aux praticiens. Souvent les praticiens pensent qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont nul besoin de th\u00e9orie et que leur exp\u00e9rience du terrain suffit \u00e0 justifier leurs actions. Les th\u00e9oriciens au contraire pensent souvent que toute pratique non appuy\u00e9e sur un support th\u00e9orique s\u00e9rieux et totalement individuelle, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[365,232],"class_list":["post-2637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-philo","tag-pratisue","tag-theorie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La th\u00e9orie et la pratique -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rouillier.com\/wordpress-philopsycho\/la-theorie-et-la-pratique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La th\u00e9orie et la pratique -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u2019est un d\u00e9bat r\u00e9curent que d\u2019opposer la th\u00e9orie \u00e0 la pratique, les chercheurs&nbsp; aux praticiens. 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